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Titanium rings generally have higher fatigue resistance and strength-to-weight ratios than most other metals.

ASTM A135 ERW steel pipe, whether grade A or B, is usually manufactured using a high-frequency resistance welding process. Welds of ERW pipe conforming to ASTM A135 Class B shall be heat treated after welding to a minimum temperature of 1000°F [540°C].

ASTM A588 steel pipe is a commonly used high-strength low-alloy structural steel that is widely used in construction, bridges, vehicles and other fields.

Stainless Steel 304: It contains around 18% chromium and 8% nickel, making it one of the most widely used stainless steel grades. It also contains a small amount of carbon, typically around 0.08%.